From Tree to Bowl
A Demonstration by King Heiple

King discusses the different parts of the tree.
A freshly cut section of a tree contains 50 to 60% water as a percentage of it's total weight. As it dries it will come down to ~28% water. It will shrink about 1% in length, 4% in diameter, and 8% in circumference.

King demonstrates the use of a moisture meter to measure the moisture in an aged walnut log. The moisture content was 11% in the middle, but 14% on the ends where green wood sealer was used to seal the end grain.

Question: What is the difference in water content before and after the sap is down. Answer: There is no real difference in moisture content. Bark adheres better after the sap is down, there is lower sugar content, so there is less splitting and lower fungus growth, etc.

King demonstrates some apparel for chain saw safety. Chaps, hat with screen and ear protectors will, with proper use of the saw, virtually eliminate chain saw accidents.
A piece of wood cut from the crotch of the tree. It was totally coated with green wood sealer to prevent cracking.
A rough turned bowl should be turned in thickness to about 10% of it's diameter to allow for distortion as it dries.  There are many ways to hold the bowl after it gets out of round. One way is to use a mandrel with a taper turned on one end and a piece of leather on the other to jam into the bowl with the tail-stock.

See handout, From Tree to Bowl, by King Heiple and Ernie Connover

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